🎓 高中英语语法 · 定语从句

定语从句引导词的特殊使用及省略规则

这份交互式讲义聚焦一个经常被忽略的关键点：that 可以在一定条件下代替关系副词 when / where / why，同时系统梳理哪些关系词可以省略、哪些绝对不能省略。

⚠️ 定语从句里一个经常被忽略的关键点——
✅ “that” 可以在一定条件下代替关系副词（when / where / why）。
判断顺序：
① 先看成分 → ② 再看文体 → ③ 最后决定是否省略

✅ 一、可以省略的情况

点击每张卡片展开/收起
1作宾语时（非正式文体）
  • 指人：关系代词 who / whom / that 可省略。
  • 指物：关系代词 which / that 可省略。
📘 The man (whom / who / that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
📘 Where is the book (which / that) I bought last week?
2作表语时

只用 that（可指人或物），但常省略。

📘 He is no longer the man (that) he used to be.
📘 This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
3先行词为 the way

若 way 在从句中作状语，通常用 in which 或 that，在非正式文体中常省略两者。

📘 The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.
📘 I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her.
4先行词为 place

若 place 在从句中作状语，通常用 where，在非正式文体中可省略。

📘 This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
5先行词为 reason

若 reason 在从句中作状语，通常用 why，在非正式文体中可省略。

📘 That is the real reason (why) he did it.
6先行词为时间类词

time, day, week, month, year 等时间类先行词在从句中作状语时，通常用 when，但在某些句型或固定搭配中可省略。

📘 But help never stopped coming from the day (when) she fell ill.
📘 Each time (when) he came, he did his best to help us.

🚫 二、不能省略的情况

这两类要特别警惕
1作介词宾语且介词提前

关系代词：指人用 whom，指物用 which，均不能省略。

📘 Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.
📘 She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.
2非限制性定语从句

无论关系代词还是关系副词，均不能省略。

📘 They have won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising actually.

🧭 三步判断法

把规则变成可操作流程
1. 找先行词人、物、地点、原因、时间，还是 the way？
2. 看从句成分关系词在从句中作宾语、表语，还是状语？
3. 看结构限制介词是否提前？是否非限制性？
4. 决定形式可省略、用 that 替代，或必须保留 whom / which / which 等。
可以省略

口语/非正式文体更常见

宾语、表语、the way、place、reason、时间类先行词作状语时，经常出现省略现象。核心是：省略后句子结构仍然清楚。

不能省略

结构边界必须保留

介词提前和非限制性定语从句需要显性关系词来维持语法边界，不能只靠语感省掉。

🖱️ 点击练习

选择是否可以省略
1. Where is the book (which / that) I bought last week?
2. Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.
3. That is the real reason (why) he did it.
源自 Andrew 的 Obsidian 英语语法笔记：定语从句引导词的特殊使用及省略规则